Guidelines for the solicitation of external letters

Jan de Vries

Vice Provost for Academic Affairs

22 August 2005

The following guidelines are the product of responses from deans and chairs to a discussion paper, "On the solicitation of external letters of letters of evaluation" available at:  http://apo.chance.berkeley.edu/Merits.html

To improve the quality of letters:


Letter writers should be solicited with a letter describing clearly the action under consideration and specifying the types of information sought.
Letters should be solicited from persons who are demonstrably in a position to respond knowledgably to the specific evaluative task we put before them.
Letters for tenured appointments and promotion to tenure should request specifically that the letter writer provide cohort comparison.  For now, it will be the responsibility of department chairs and the deans of schools to identify appropriate cohorts for the consideration of letter writers.  In the course of 2005-06 the role of deans in vetting the names identified by department chairs should be discussed.

To insure the proper use of external letters:

Deans and chairs should engage their colleagues in a dialogue to increase awareness of the limited reliability of external letters. Outside evaluators do not necessarily know enough to perform the tasks we desire, do not necessarily know whom they are addressing, and do not necessarily have our institutional interests at heart.  In short, letter writers are not always expert in the relevant field or disinterested in the outcome.  In addition, even when they are knowledgeable and objective, they face strong incentives to be less than candid in their assessments.  External letters should be no more than a supplement to a department's assessment of academic worth.

To reduce the number of letters solicited:

In tenure reviews, the current guideline is to solicit 10-12 external letter writers, no more than half of whom are proposed by the candidate. This practice should be maintained.
For other reviews - appointment to tenured positions, promotion to professor and advancement to above scale status - chairs should aim to acquire a smaller number of letters /Tom scholars who are in a position to understand Berkeley’s standards and who can comment directly on the quality of the candidate's work and its influence. Six to eight letters of high quality should suffice for appointment cases and promotions to Professor. In the case of above scale advancement, four letters from leading scholars themselves of "above-scale standing" should be adequate. Quality is more important than quantity.

To reduce the number of academic personnel actions that require letters:
In 2005-06 the Academic Senate will be asked its opinion on a proposal to make optional the solicitation of external letters for Step VI merit reviews.  At present, there appears to be nothing in the APM requiring external letters for Step VI reviews.  The proposal to make such letters optional does not alter the standard for Step VI advancement.  The proposed change will provide departments and schools the option of omitting external letters when they believe a clear and compelling case for this advancement can be made without external letters.  If campus-level review cannot be completed without additional information, such letters may be requested.  Departments and schools should continue to solicit letters in cases where the evidence for "highly distinguished scholarship" and "great distinction, recognized nationally or internationally, in scholarship or creative achievement or in teaching" is not sufficiently clear from sources available within the campus.  This revision to current policy will be introduced after senate review.
Sample solicitation letters:
Step VI
Prof. XXX is being considered for advancement to Professor, Step VI in the University of California's salary scale.  Please note that Professor XXX already holds the rank of Professor, having been promoted to this rank in [year]. Steps VI and above (there are nine in all) on the University's salary scale are reserved for faculty who have attained "great distinction, recognized nationally or internationally, in scholarship or teaching."  We hope you can provide us with a brief evaluation of Professor XXX's achievements, especially on the quality of his /her scholarship and its influence.  A comparison with other prominent scholars at his/her career stage would also be helpful.
Above Scale
Professor XXX is being considered for a special advancement, to a salary that exceeds the highest step of the University of California's salary scale.  Advancement to this "above-scale" status is reserved for scholars and teachers of the highest distinction whose work has been recognized and acclaimed internationally and whose teaching performance is excellent.  We hope you can provide us with a brief evaluation of Professor XXX's achievements and his/her scholarly influence.  A comparison with other senior scholars in his/her discipline would also be helpful.

Discussion Paper


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Last Updated September 20, 2007